Kashmir

The song features a modal harmony with a strong emphasis on drone-like textures, creating an Eastern-influenced atmosphere.

The rhythm is characterized by a powerful, driving 4/4 time signature, emphasized by John Bonham's strong drumming and the repetitive nature of the main riff.

The melody is both haunting and powerful, delivered with Robert Plant's distinctive vocal style. It complements the exotic instrumentation and reinforces the song's thematic journey.

Jimmy Page began developing the riff in 1973, and Robert Plant added lyrics inspired by a journey through Morocco, although the song is titled 'Kashmir'.

As the centerpiece of Physical Graffiti, 'Kashmir' is a genre-defying masterpiece that blends hard rock with symphonic arrangements and North African musical scales. It is celebrated for its complex polyrhythmic structure and is often cited by the band members as their greatest achievement.